ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Educational Psychology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1700117
This article is part of the Research TopicEmotional Intelligence in Educational Psychology: Enhancing Learning and DevelopmentView all 22 articles
L2 Growth Mindset in AI-Mediated Language Learning: Effects of Perceived Usability and Presence of Generative AI Chatbots
Provisionally accepted
- 1Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
- 2Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade, Fuzhou, China
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This study examines perceived usability and presence of generative AI chatbots influence second language(L2) growth mindset in the context of AI-mediated oral learning. Grounded in distributed cognition theory, a SEM was tested with survey data from 530 Chinese university students. Results show that perceived usability directly promotes L2 growth mindset and is indirectly influenced by willingness to communicate (WTC). Presence not only has a direct positive effect on L2 growth mindset but also has a dual positive mediating effect through emotional intelligence and WTC. These findings suggest that AI chatbots act not only as learning tools but as cognitive partners, whose usability and immersive features foster learners' belief in the malleability of language ability. The study advances theory on technology-supported growth mindset and provides empirical evidence to inform AI-driven language learning practices.
Keywords: Perceived usability, presence, L2 growth mindset, Emotional Intelligence, Willingness to communicate, AI-Mediated Language Learning
Received: 06 Sep 2025; Accepted: 20 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 HUANG, Chen and HU. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yanbin HUANG, 199200010253@xmmc.edu.cn
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