Mapping the relationship between flow experience and music performance anxiety: A scoping review

Nery Borges^1*Helena Marinho¹Marcos Vinícius Araújo²Anabela Sousa Pereira³Sofia Serra¹

• ¹Institute of Ethnomusicolog - Centre of Studies in Music and Dance, University of Aveiro,, Aveiro, Portugal
• ²Institute of Arts, Department of Music, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2Institute of Arts, Department of Music, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
• ³Center for Research in Education and Psychology (CIEP), Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Évora,, Évora, Portugal

Introduction: This scoping review systematically mapped and synthesized the literature examining the relationship between Flow Experience (FE) and Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) in musical performance and educational contexts. Examining their interaction is crucial to understand how musicians balance emotional activation and attentional focus to achieve optimal performance states. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR, a comprehensive search across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and SAGE databases identified eighteen empirical studies. These were systematically analysed according to author(s) and year, main aim, sample characteristics, measurement instruments, study design, FE–MPA interaction, mediating or moderating factors, performance setting, analytical or procedural approach and main findings. Results: Findings reveal a predominant negative correlation between FE and MPA across dispositional, situational, and psychophysiological measures. However, moderate anxiety levels can coexist with or even facilitate flow when they are interpreted as a challenge rather than a threat. Emotional self-regulation, self-efficacy, and self-esteem emerged as key mediating factors, while interventions involving yoga, mindfulness, and self-regulation training consistently reduced MPA and enhanced FE propensity. Discussion: Overall, the findings highlight a dynamic continuum between FE and MPA, suggesting that anxiety regulation is not merely inhibitory but can function as a potential precursor to flow. Despite substantial empirical work examining FE and MPA as individual constructs, the present synthesis demonstrates that an integrated understanding of their interaction remains methodologically fragmented. Future research should therefore prioritize multimodal and longitudinal designs to clarify underlying mechanisms and support the development of evidence-informed approaches to performance preparation and emotional regulation in musicians.