BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article
Front. Psychol.
Sec. Personality and Social Psychology
This article is part of the Research TopicLoneliness in Everyday Life: The Effects of AlienationView all articles
Gender differences in emotional disconnection and emotional loneliness in romantic couples: A 3-day ecological momentary assessment study
Provisionally accepted
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Background: Emotional disconnection and loneliness significantly impact romantic relationship quality and individual well-being. Despite the established links between relationship quality and mental health outcomes, research utilizing real-time assessment methods remains limited. This study employed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine gender differences in momentary emotional disconnection and loneliness among romantic couples. Methods: One hundred romantic couples (100 females, 100 males) in South Korea participated in a 3-day intensive EMA protocol. Participants received six semi-randomized prompts daily to assess emotional disconnection and emotional loneliness in real time. Multilevel modeling with an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework was used to analyze the hierarchical data structure (prompts nested within individuals, nested within couples). Results: Similarly, females exhibited higher emotional loneliness (M = 3.38, SD = 1.42) than males (M = 2.98, SD = 1.24; t(198) = 2.67, p = .008, d = 0.38) did. Strong positive correlations emerged between emotional disconnection and loneliness for both females (r = .68, p < .001) and males (r = .62, p < .001). A statistical comparison of the correlation coefficients revealed that the association between emotional disconnection and loneliness was significantly stronger in women than in men (z = 1.32, p = .047). Conclusion: This study provides evidence of gender differences in momentary emotional experiences within romantic relationships, with women consistently reporting heightened sensitivity to emotional disconnection and loneliness. These findings suggest that clinicians should attend to potential gender-differentiated emotional experiences when providing couple therapy.
Keywords: Ecological Momentary Assessment, emotional disconnection, Emotional loneliness, gender differences, romantic relationships
Received: 14 Jan 2026; Accepted: 10 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Xiao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ximing Xiao
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