Correction to Table/Figure
In the published article, there was an error in table 4 as published. There was an error in the estimated % of admitted doping (d) for H2: 0.3031 ± 0.0800 was erroneously listed for both the estimated % of admitted doping (d) and for the estimated % of noncompliance (nc). The correct value for the estimated % of admitted doping (d) is 0 and the value of the estimated % of noncompliance (nc) remains 0.3031 ± 0.0800. The corrected Table 4 and its caption Estimated use of prohibited performance enhancing substances and/or methods at WCA (12-month prevalence) appear below.
Table 4
| Model fit | Estimated % of admitted doping (d) | Estimated % of noncompliance (nc) p = 1.1E-16 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | Log-likelihood | AIC | BIC | ||
| H0 | −1854.0342 | 3708.07 | 3708.07 | ||
| H1 | −1853.9311 | 3709.86 | 3714.95 | 0.0132 ± 0.0576 | 0 |
| H2 | −1819.0675 | 3642.14 | 3652.32 | 0 | 0.3031 ± 0.0800 |
| H3 | −1819.5104 | 3643.02 | 3653.21 | 0.0132 ± 0.0576 | 0.0699 ± 0.0201 |
| H4 | −1799.2650 | 3602.53 | 3612.72 | 0.2124 ± 0.0873 | 0.3190 ± 0.0562 |
| H5 | −1853.9311 | 3711.86 | 3722.05 | 0.0132 ± 0.0576 | 0 |
Estimated use of prohibited performance enhancing substances and/or methods at WCA (12-month prevalence).
In Figure 3: Comparison of doping prevalence estimates for WCA and PAG between the two survey formats, and with literature evidence. Data extracted from Table 1 using the most relevant figure (i.e., elite level and current/last season/past 12 months) when multiple estimates are reported. In the figure legend ‘ABP Blood doping WAC 2021’ should read as ‘ABP Blood doping WCA 2011’.
Incorrect Supplementary Material
In the published article, there was an error in Supplementary Material 2: Detailed prevalence and noncompliance estimations, Table 2.1: Detailed prevalence and noncompliance estimations for WAC and PAG, 2011. Incorrect values were reported for ‘Estimation’. The correct material statement appears below.
| Model | WAC doping use | PAG doping use | PAG nutritional supplement use | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimation | d | Lowest | 0.1251 | 0.0290 | 0.0103 |
| Highest | 0.2997 | 0.1836 | 0.1611 | ||
| Midpoint of multiplied Cis | 0.2124 | 0.1063 | 0.0857 | ||
| CI (d) | 0.0872 | 0.0773 | 0.0754 | ||
| nc | Lowest | 0.2628 | 0.0927 | 0.0531 | |
| Highest | 0.3752 | 0.1043 | 0.1755 | ||
| Midpoint of multiplied Cis | 0.3190 | 0.0985 | 0.1143 | ||
| CI (nc) | 0.0562 | 0.0058 | 0.0612 | ||
| D | d*nc | Lowest | 0.03287628 | 0.00268714 | 0.00054693 |
| Highest | 0.11244744 | 0.019156824 | 0.02827305 | ||
| Midpoint of multiplied Cis | 0.07266186 | 0.010921982 | 0.01440999 | ||
| d* (1-nc) | Lowest | 0.07816248 | 0.02597414 | 0.00849235 | |
| Highest | 0.22093884 | 0.166587624 | 0.15254559 | ||
| Midpoint of multiplied Cis | 0.14955066 | 0.096280882 | 0.08051897 | ||
| NC | (1-d)*nc | Lowest | 0.18403884 | 0.075647624 | 0.04454559 |
| Highest | 0.32826248 | 0.101314104 | 0.17369235 | ||
| Midpoint of multiplied CIs | 0.25615066 | 0.088480882 | 0.10911897 | ||
| (1-d)* (1-nc) | Lowest | 0.43754744 | 0.731216824 | 0.69167305 | |
| Highest | 0.64497628 | 0.881027140 | 0.93714693 | ||
| Midpoint of multiplied CIs | 0.54126186 | 0.806121982 | 0.81440999 | ||
The authors apologize for these error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Summary
Keywords
athlete, performance enhancement, doping, randomised response technique, prevalence, single sample count, prohibited substance, elite sport
Citation
Petróczi A, Cruyff M, de Hon O, Sagoe D and Saugy M (2023) Corrigendum: Hidden figures: Revisiting doping prevalence estimates previously reported for two major international sport events in the context of further empirical evidence and the extant literature. Front. Sports Act. Living 5:1129320. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1129320
Received
21 December 2022
Accepted
03 January 2023
Published
31 January 2023
Volume
5 - 2023
Edited and reviewed by
James Hopker, University of Kent, United Kingdom
Updates
Copyright
© 2023 Petróczi, Cruyff, de Hon, Sagoe and Saugy.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Andrea Petróczi A.Petroczi@kingston.ac.uk
Specialty Section: This article was submitted to Anti-doping Sciences & Integrity in Sport, a section of the journal Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
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