ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Sports Act. Living
Sec. Exercise Physiology
Volume 7 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1588414
This article is part of the Research TopicInjuries, Injury Prevention and Training in Climbing - Volume IIView all 8 articles
Morphology of Male World Cup and Elite Bouldering Athletes
Provisionally accepted- 1Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria
- 2Institute of Physics August Chełkowski, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesia, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
- 3Verein W.I.R, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- 4Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
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To compare the somatic characteristics and somatotypes of elite bouldering athletes competing in World Cups and World Championships with national-level climbers and general adult population norms, and to identify anthropometric characteristics that differentiate performance levels in competitive climbing and distinguish climbers from the general adult population.(2) Materials and Methods: Anthropometric data were measured according to the ISAK protocol and somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. Tissue composition and body proportions were examined using measurements of skinfolds, circumferences, widths and indices such as Ape Index and Arm Index. Thirty-four men participated in the study: 9IFSC-ranked international level athletes and 25 national athletes. Statistical analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess the normality of the distribution, the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test to compare groups, LASSO regression to identify significant characteristics and Spearman's correlation coefficient to examine correlations between variables.(3) Results: International climbers demonstrated a significantly lower body fat percentage (14.4 ± 2.00%) compared to national athletes (17.56 ± 2.16%) and the general adult population (18.4 ± 2.9%). Thinner skinfolds and smaller thigh and arm girths were found among the higher level climbers. Body proportions were more favorable in international athletes, who showed higher Ape (1.06 ± 0.02) and Arm Index values (46.22 ± 1.26) compared to national-level competitors (1.03 ± 0.03 and 44.98 ± 1.45, respectively). No significant differences were observed in somatotype profiles.(4) Conclusions: International climbers differ from national athletes by having higher muscle mass, lower body fat, smaller limb girths, and shorter stature. The benefits of these characteristics and the influence of selection processes remain unclear. Notably, the low body fat in elite climbers likely reflects training adaptations rather than calorie restriction.
Keywords: Bouldering, competitive climbing, Body Composition, Anthropometry, Somatotype, Heath-Carter method, ISAK protocol, LASSO
Received: 05 Mar 2025; Accepted: 19 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Draga, Trybek, Baran, Pandurevic, Sutor and Grønhaug. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Paweł Draga, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Hall in Tirol, Austria
Gudmund Grønhaug, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, 6856, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
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