Handgrip strength in elite youth football: Potential for performance prediction and the moderating effects of age and maturation Handgrip in elite youth football

Sebastian Viktor Waldemar Schulz^1*Lucas Wizani²Lynn Matits^1,3Eric Schwarz¹Patrick Wiedemann⁴Daniel Alexander Bizjak¹Achim Jerg¹Johannes Kirsten¹Alexander-Stephan Henze¹

• ¹Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany, Ulm, Germany
• ²Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany, München, Germany
• ³Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany, Ulm, Germany
• ⁴Department of Sports Science, Humanities Section, Konstanz University, Konstanz, Germany, Konstanz, Germany

Handgrip strength (HGS) is a simple and reliable indicator of general muscular strength, yet its relevance in elite youth football remains insufficiently understood. This study examined the utility of HGS as a practical indicator of athletic performance in this population, focusing on its associations with sport-specific motor abilities and the moderating influence of age and biological maturation. A total of 221 elite male youth football players aged 11-19 years completed a standardized performance test battery that included HGS (via dynamometer), dynamic balance (Star Excursion Balance Test), vertical jumps (Counter Movement Jump, Abalakov Jump, Heading Jump), horizontal jumps (Broad Jump, Single-Leg Hop for Distance), and sprints (10m and 30m). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess associations between HGS and motor performance outcomes, while linear regression models tested the moderating effects of age and maturity offset. HGS was strongly associated with jumping (r = 0.69-0.75 for vertical; r = 0.73-0.75 for horizontal) and sprinting performance (r = -0.62 to -0.73) and showed small but significant associations with dynamic balance (r = -0.29; all p < .001). Regression analyses confirmed significant main effects of HGS on jumping (β = 0.31 to 0.60) and sprinting (β = -0.23 to -0.33), moderated by both age and maturation status. No significant effects were observed for balance. The combination of HGS and age accounted for up to 67% of the variance in sprinting and up to 61% in jumping. These findings demonstrate that HGS is a robust and practical predictor of sprinting and jumping performance, especially when combined with age. This makes HGS a valuable, resource-efficient tool for performance diagnostics and talent development in elite and youth football, especially in settings where extensive testing is impractical.