Wesam Al Attar Singularity Evaluation (WASe): A Simulation-Based Framework for Sports Injury Risk Assessment Using Critical Transitions Theory

Wesam S Al Attar^*

• Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University College of Applied Medical Sciences, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Sports injury prediction remains a significant challenge in sports medicine, with traditional approaches often failing to capture the complex, nonlinear nature of injury mechanisms. Critical transitions theory, which describes sudden shifts in complex systems, offers a new theoretical framework for understanding injury occurrence as a transition from stable to unstable biomechanical states. Objective: To develop and validate through simulation the Wesam Al Attar Singularity Evaluation (WASe) framework, a new theoretical approach for sports injury risk assessment based on critical transitions theory and multimodal biomechanical data integration. Methods: We developed a theoretical framework incorporating four key biomechanical variables: Force Variability (FV), Temporal Asymmetry (TA), Load Distribution (LD), and Bilateral Asymmetry (BA). The WASe equation integrates these variables using weighted coefficients derived from critical transitions theory. We conducted comprehensive simulation studies using empirically-derived statistical properties from published biomechanical research to evaluate theoretical framework performance. The simulation included 1,000 virtual participants with realistic biomechanical characteristics and injury patterns based on established epidemiological data. Results: In simulation studies, the WASe framework demonstrated good theoretical performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85-0.93). The framework showed sensitivity of 0.82, specificity of 0.87, positive predictive value of 0.79, and negative predictive value of 0.89. While the sensitivity of 82% represents a limitation where approximately 18% of future injuries would not be detected, this means the framework could theoretically identify 4 out of 5 individuals at risk of injury. This represents an important clinical trade-off that must be considered in implementation planning, as the framework should be used as part of a comprehensive injury prevention strategy rather than as a standalone diagnostic tool, this is balanced by good specificity (87%) that minimizes false positive classifications. Cross-validation analysis showed consistent performance across different simulated population subgroups. Conclusion: The WASe framework represents a new theoretical contribution to sports injury prediction through the first application of critical transitions theory to biomechanical systems. The simulation results provide proof-of-concept evidence for the theoretical approach, though empirical validation using real-world data is essential to establish clinical utility.