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Frontiers news
06 Jun 2016
Most viewed Oncology articles in May 2016
Stereotactic Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Rationale, Feasibility, and Early Experience Using the CyberKnife Radiosurgery Delivery Platform Olusola Obayomi-Davies*, Thomas P. Kole, Bridget Oppong, Sonali Rudra, Erini V. Makariou, Lloyd D. Campbell, Hozaifa M. Anjum, Sean P. Collins, Keith Unger, Shawna Willey, Eleni Tousimis and Brian T. Collins The FLUKA Code: An Accurate Simulation Tool for Particle Therapy Giuseppe Battistoni, Julia Bauer, Till T. Boehlen, Francesco Cerutti, Mary P. W. Chin, Ricardo Dos Santos Augusto, Alfredo Ferrari, Pablo G. Ortega, Wioletta Kozłowska, Giuseppe Magro, Andrea Mairani, Katia Parodi, Paola R. Sala*, Philippe Schoofs, Thomas Tessonnier and Vasilis Vlachoudis Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Boost for Unfavorable Prostate Cancer: The Georgetown University Experience Catherine Mercado, Marie-Adele Kress, Robyn A. Cyr, Leonard N. Chen, Thomas M. Yung, Elizabeth G. Bullock, Siyuan Lei, Brian T. Collins, Andrew N. Satinsky, K. William Harter, Simeng Suy, Anatoly Dritschilo, John H. Lynch and Sean P. Collins* Acute Urinary Morbidity Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer with Prophylactic Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonist and Urethral Dose Reduction Michael C. Repka, Shan Guleria, Robyn A. Cyr, Thomas M. Yung, Harsha Koneru, Leonard N. Chen, Siyuan Lei, Brian T. Collins, Pranay Krishnan, Simeng Suy, Anatoly Dritschilo, John […]
Life sciences
05 Jun 2016
West African genes lower the risk of obesity in men, suggests study
By Michiel Dijkstra, science writer The obesity epidemic affects women and men of every ethnic group in the United States, but strong gender and racial disparities in the risk of overweight and obesity exist. African American women are currently more at risk than any other group in the United States: 82.1% of African American women are overweight or obese (defined as having a BMI of 25 or higher), compared to 76.2% of Hispanic women and 64.6% of Caucasian women, according to the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Socioeconomic factors, such as inequalities in access to healthcare, healthy food, and safe places to exercise, are known to be important causes of these and other racial disparities in health characteristics. In contrast, “only” 69.1% of African American men are overweight or obese – a percentage that is still alarmingly high in absolute terms, but lower than the percentages for Caucasian men (73.2%), and Hispanic men (77.9%), according to the NHANES data. A similar pattern has been reported for type-2 diabetes, a disease strongly associated with overweight and obesity: according to a 2007 study in The American Journal of Public Health, the incidence of diabetes is higher among African American […]
Frontiers news
05 Jun 2016
Most viewed Plant Science articles in May 2016
VESPUCCI: Exploring Patterns of Gene Expression in Grapevine Marco Moretto, Paolo Sonego, Stefania Pilati, Giulia Malacarne, Laura Costantini, Lukasz Grzeskowiak, Giorgia Bagagli, Maria Stella Grando, Claudio Moser and Kristof Engelen* Trade-Offs between Economic and Environmental Impacts of Introducing Legumes into Cropping Systems Moritz Reckling*, Göran Bergkvist, Christine A. Watson, Frederick L. Stoddard, Peter M. Zander, Robin L. Walker, Aurelio Pristeri, Ion Toncea and Johann Bachinger Implication of Abscisic Acid on Ripening and Quality in Sweet Cherries: Differential Effects during Pre- and Post-harvest Verónica Tijero, Natalia Teribia, Paula Muñoz and Sergi Munné-Bosch* Identification and Characterization of Erysiphe necator-Responsive MicroRNAs in Chinese Wild Vitis pseudoreticulata by High-Throughput Sequencing Lijuan Han, Kai Weng, Hui Ma, Gaoqing Xiang, Zhiqian Li, Yuejin Wang, Guotian Liu and Yan Xu* Regulation of Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, Antioxidation and Osmosis by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus in Watermelon Seedlings under Well-Watered and Drought Conditions Yanling Mo, Yongqi Wang, Ruiping Yang, Junxian Zheng, Changming Liu, Hao Li, Jianxiang Ma, Yong Zhang, Chunhua Wei and Xian Zhang* Characterization of Rice Homeobox Genes, OsHOX22 and OsHOX24, and Over-expression of OsHOX24 in Transgenic Arabidopsis Suggest Their Role in Abiotic Stress Response Annapurna Bhattacharjee, Jitendra P. Khurana and Mukesh Jain* Increased Virulence in Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) Populations from Southern […]
Frontiers news
05 Jun 2016
Most viewed Immunology articles in May 2016
Toll-Like Receptor 2 Mediates In Vivo Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Modulates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Alessia Piermattei, Giuseppe Migliara, Gabriele Di Sante, Maria Foti, Soren Bohos Hayrabedyan, Angela Papagna, Maria Concetta Geloso, Maddalena Corbi, Mariagrazia Valentini, Alessandro Sgambato, Giovanni Delogu, Gabriela Constantin and Francesco Ria* A Subset of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Has Leukemia Cells Characterized by Chemokine Responsiveness and Altered Expression of Transcriptional as well as Angiogenic Regulators Annette K. Brenner*, Håkon Reikvam and Øystein Bruserud CD4+ T-Cell-Independent Secondary Immune Responses to Pneumocystis Pneumonia Nicholas M. de la Rua, Derrick R. Samuelson, Tysheena P. Charles, David A. Welsh and Judd E. Shellito* Coupling of HIV-1 Antigen to the Selective Autophagy Receptor SQSTM1/p62 Promotes T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Aram Nikolai Andersen*, Ole Jørgen Landsverk, Anne Simonsen, Bjarne Bogen, Alexandre Corthay and Inger Øynebråten* Mathematical Model Reveals the Role of Memory CD8 T Cell Populations in Recall Responses to Influenza Veronika I. Zarnitsyna*, Andreas Handel, Sean R. McMaster, Sarah L. Hayward, Jacob E. Kohlmeier, and Rustom Antia* CD1c-Related DCs that Express CD207/Langerin, but Are Distinguishable from Langerhans Cells, Are Consistently Present in Human Tonsils Anne De Monte, Charles-Vivien Olivieri, Sébastien Vitale, Sonanda Bailleux, Laurent Castillo, Valérie Giordanengo, Janet L. Maryanski, Elodie Segura and Alain Doglio* Relevance […]
Life sciences
05 Jun 2016
New interest sparked in the transportation of fluids in porous media
by Michelle Ponto, science writer With the oil situation stealing news headlines and the need for clean energy a growing concern, a group of scientists have rekindled interest in developing new solutions in the transport of fluids in porous media. Oil effects the economy, the environment, and in some cases, political situations within a region. One of the problems is that approximately half of the oil remains in the ground when a reservoir has yielded all it can with today’s technology. This has led to the evolution of dirty methods such as fracking and tar sand exploitation. “Transport in porous media is, perhaps surprisingly, at the core of fuel cell technology,” said Professor Alex Hansen. “Simply put…the world needs energy, and that energy needs to be clean.” Hansen, the Field Chief Editor of Frontiers in Physics, is professor of physics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Norway. He is also a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters and the Norwegian Academy of Technical Sciences. He is Dr. h. c. at the University of Rennes 1, and over the years has researched the transport and breakdown […]
Frontiers news
04 Jun 2016
Most viewed Genetics articles in May 2016
Population Stratification in the Context of Diverse Epidemiologic Surveys Sans Genome-Wide Data Matthew T. Oetjens, Kristin Brown-Gentry, Robert Goodloe, Holli H. Dilks and Dana C. Crawford* Cartography of Pathway Signal Perturbations Identifies Distinct Molecular Pathomechanisms in Malignant and Chronic Lung Diseases Arsen Arakelyan*, Lilit Nersisyan, Martin Petrek, Henry Löffler-Wirth and Hans Binder Recursive Indirect-Paths Modularity (RIP-M) for Detecting Community Structure in RNA-Seq Co-expression Networks Bahareh Rahmani, Michael T. Zimmermann, Diane E. Grill, Richard B. Kennedy, Ann L. Oberg, Bill C. White, Gregory A. Poland and Brett A. McKinney* Elementary Vectors and Conformal Sums in Polyhedral Geometry and their Relevance for Metabolic Pathway Analysis Stefan Müller* and Georg Regensburger TP53 Mutation Spectrum in Smokers and Never Smoking Lung Cancer Patients Ann R. Halvorsen, Laxmi Silwal-Pandit, Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda, Daniel Vodak, Phuong Vu, Camilla Sagerup, Eivind Hovig, Ola Myklebost, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Odd T. Brustugun and Åslaug Helland* Fine-Mapping of 18q21.1 Locus Identifies Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate Amit K. Mitra, Holly A. F. Stessman, Robert J. Schaefer, Wen Wang, Chad L. Myers, Brian G. Van Ness and Soraya Beiraghi* Genes with a Combination of Over-Dominant and Epistatic Effects Underlie Heterosis in Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at High Temperature Rachel Shapira and Lior […]
Frontiers news
04 Jun 2016
Most viewed Neuroscience articles in May 2016
tACS Phase Locking of Frontal Midline Theta Oscillations Disrupts Working Memory Performance Bankim S. Chander, Matthias Witkowski, Christoph Braun, Stephen E. Robinson, Jan Born, Leonardo G. Cohen, Niels Birbaumer and Surjo R. Soekadar* The Busier the Better: Greater Busyness Is Associated with Better Cognition Sara B. Festini*, Ian M. McDonough, and Denise C. Park* Prediction of Mortality Based on Facial Characteristics Arnaud Delorme*, Alan Pierce, Leena Michel and Dean Radin In Alzheimer’s Disease, 6-Month Treatment with GLP-1 Analog Prevents Decline of Brain Glucose Metabolism: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial Michael Gejl, Albert Gjedde, Lærke Egefjord, Arne Møller, Søren B. Hansen, Kim Vang, Anders Rodell, Hans Brændgaard, Hanne Gottrup, Anna Schacht, Niels Møller, Birgitte Brock and Jørgen Rungby* Calcium Imaging of Basal Forebrain Activity during Innate and Learned Behaviors Thomas C. Harrison, Lucas Pinto, Julien R. Brock and Yang Dan* Determining Optimal Feature-Combination for LDA Classification of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals in Brain-Computer Interface Application Noman Naseer*, Farzan M. Noori, Nauman K. Qureshi and Keum-Shik Hong Into the Wild: Neuroergonomic Differentiation of Hand-Held and Augmented Reality Wearable Displays during Outdoor Navigation with Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Ryan McKendrick*, Raja Parasuraman, Rabia Murtza, Alice Formwalt, Wendy Baccus, Martin Paczynski and Hasan Ayaz* Decreased Cerebellar-Orbitofrontal Connectivity Correlates with Stuttering Severity: […]
Frontiers news
03 Jun 2016
Most viewed Physiology articles in May 2016
In vivo Sarcomere Lengths and Sarcomere Elongations Are Not Uniform across an Intact Muscle Eng Kuan Moo, Rafael Fortuna, Scott C. Sibole, Ziad Abusara and Walter Herzog* Contributions of Central Command and Muscle Feedback to Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Contracting Human Skeletal Muscle Daniel Boulton, Chloe E. Taylor, Vaughan G. Macefield and Simon Green* High Intensity Training May Reverse the Fiber Type Specific Decline in Myogenic Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Jean Farup, Ulrik Dalgas, Charly Keytsman, Bert O. Eijnde and Inez Wens* Pelleted Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Better Protected from the Deleterious Effects of Arthroscopic Heat Shock Gauthaman Kalamegam, Mohammed Abbas*, Mamdooh Gari, Haneen Alsehli, Roaa Kadam, Mohammed Alkaff, Adeel Chaudhary, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Adel Abuzenadah, Wael Kafienah and Ali Mobasheri* Community Structure Reveals Biologically Functional Modules in MEF2C Transcriptional Regulatory Network Sergio A. Alcalá-Corona, Tadeo E. Velázquez-Caldelas, Jesús Espinal-Enríquez and Enrique Hernández-Lemus* Mitochondrial Ultrastructure and Glucose Signaling Pathways Attributed to the Kv1.3 Ion Channel Christopher P. Kovach, Dolly Al Koborssy, Zhenbo Huang, Brandon M. Chelette, James M. Fadool and Debra A. Fadool* Coupling Developmental Physiology, Photoperiod, and Temperature to Model Phenology and Dynamics of an Invasive Heteropteran, Halyomorpha halys Anne L. Nielsen*, Shi Chen and Shelby J. Fleischer Characterization of ATPase Activity […]
Frontiers news
02 Jun 2016
Most viewed Microbiology articles in May 2016
A Drug Combination Screen Identifies Drugs Active against Amoxicillin-Induced Round Bodies of In Vitro Borrelia burgdorferi Persisters from an FDA Drug Library Jie Feng, Wanliang Shi, Shuo Zhang, David Sullivan, Paul G. Auwaerter and Ying Zhang* Dietary Shifts May Trigger Dysbiosis and Mucous Stools in Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Candace L. Williams, Kimberly A. Dill-McFarland, Michael W. Vandewege, Darrell L. Sparks, Scott T. Willard, Andrew J. Kouba, Garret Suen* and Ashli E. Brown* Molecular Characterization and Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbial Communities Illustrate Enrichment of Prevotella and Megasphaera in Indian Subjects Shrikant Bhute, Pranav Pande, Sudarshan A. Shetty, Rahul Shelar, Sachin Mane, Shreyas V. Kumbhare, Ashwini Gawali, Hemal Makhani, Mohit Navandar, Dhiraj Dhotre, Himangi Lubree, Dhiraj Agarwal, Rutuja Patil, Shantanu Ozarkar, Saroj Ghaskadbi, Chittaranjan Yajnik, Sanjay Juvekar, Govind K. Makharia and Yogesh S. Shouche* Single-Cell (Meta-)Genomics of a Dimorphic Candidatus Thiomargarita nelsonii Reveals Genomic Plasticity Beverly E. Flood*, Palmer Fliss, Daniel S. Jones, Gregory J. Dick, Sunit Jain, Anne-Kristin Kaster, Matthias Winkel, Marc Mußmann and Jake Bailey Co-occurrence Analysis of Microbial Taxa in the Atlantic Ocean Reveals High Connectivity in the Free-Living Bacterioplankton Mathias Milici*, Zhi-Luo Deng, Jürgen Tomasch, Johan Decelle, Melissa L. Wos-Oxley, Hui Wang, Ruy Jáuregui, Iris Plumeier, Helge-Ansgar Giebel, Thomas H. Badewien, Mascha […]
Neuroscience
01 Jun 2016
Understanding how humans make decisions
By Damaris Critchlow, Frontiers Science writer Using human neuro-imaging techniques to observe the brain when making decisions, Hauke Heekeren’s research is concerned with perceptual decision making, the roles of motivation and affect in decision making, as well as cognitive and affective components in normal and disturbed social cognition. “When I was in med school in Munich in about 1994, I learned of a psychiatrist, Christoph Hoch and a neurologist, Arno Villringer who were using new methods to look at the intact human brain while it was at work. I was fascinated because these technologies actually allowed us to observe the human brain in action while people were speaking or perceiving things or thinking,” Professor Heekeren explains. “I saw all the wonderful techniques that were just about to be developed and that got me into it. I was hooked basically from that time on.” Heekeren is Professor of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience at Freie Universität Berlin and the Field Chief Editor of Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. From those decisions taken in everyday social situations, to economic situations and those taken when we are stressed, Professor Heekeren’s research watches the brain in action. “My lab mainly investigates the neuroscience of […]
Life sciences
01 Jun 2016
Conquering the great divide between physics complexity and real-world complexity
By Michelle Ponto, science writer The divide between “physics complexity” and real-world complexity is wide, but understanding characterization of real-world complexity is growing in importance. While phase transitions and associated phenomena in physical systems has been one defining subject in the field, how they connect and create parallels within real-life systems is still underexplored. This is one of the reasons Professor Zbigniew R. Struzik from the University of Tokyo launched a Frontiers Research Topic entitled “Critical Phenomena in Complex Systems.” Struzik specializes in biophysics and medical physics as well as complex system’s physics and condensed matter physics. With the launch of the research topic he’s hoping physicists from around the world will submit their manuscripts dealing with criticality and phase transitions in real-world complex systems towards the topic to help advance it forward and focus the attention of the community around it. Struzik says this problem has been around for some time already, but only in recent years has the tool of ‘research topics’ become available to help him explore it. And the timing could not be more perfect. “Modern physics is rapidly expanding from the domains which are traditionally considered to be the matter of physics. At the same […]
Neuroscience
01 Jun 2016
De-coding the character of a hacker
By K.E.D Coan, Frontiersin.org Malicious hacking online costs the private and corporate sectors up to $575 billion annually, according to internet security firm McAfee. While security agencies seek out “ethical” hackers to help combat such attacks, little is known about the personality traits that lead people to pursue and excel at hacking. A recent study published on Frontiers in Human Neuroscience now shows that a characteristic called systemizing provides insight into what makes and motivates a hacker. “We found a positive association between an individual’s drive to build and understand systems—called ‘systemizing’—and hacking skills and expertise,” says Dr. Elena Rusconi of the Division of Psychology at Abertay University in Dundee, UK, “In particular, we found that this drive is positively and specifically correlated with code-breaking performance.” In this study, Dr. Rusconi’s group found that volunteer “ethical” hackers performed far above average on a series of code-breaking challenges designed to assess their systemizing skills. According to a cognitive and behavioral survey, these hackers also self-reported characteristics that indicated a strong tendency towards systemizing. Systemizing is also frequently associated with autism and so Rusconi additionally profiled participants for other autistic-like behaviors and skills. Although none were actually autistic, hackers self-reported higher scores […]
Young Minds
01 Jun 2016
What do “yellowballs” have to do with the birth of new stars?
Where do stars come from? Human beings have thought about this question for thousands of years and have proposed many different explanations, but scientists have only had the technology to observe the places where stars are forming for a few decades. This is because stars form inside cold “dusty” clouds in space that are invisible to our eyes and invisible to telescopes that study visible light. Fortunately, we have many instruments today that can record light that our eyes cannot see, and we can use familiar colors to represent this light. Even very cold objects give off infrared light, so we can use this type of light to explore how the dusty clouds produce stars. People from around the world have helped scientists identify an early stage in the development of stars, called “yellowballs,” by searching infrared images in an important science project called the Milky Way Project. Click here for the full article.
Open science policy
31 May 2016
Open Access to science papers will be default by 2020, say European ministers
By Emily Barker, Communications Strategist at Frontiers There was a breakthrough for open-access publishing on Friday 27 May, as EU research ministers published a commitment to make open access to scientific publications as the default option by 2020. “It’s a major step forward,” said EU Research Commissioner Carlos Moedas. “You cannot stop the movement. Publishers will have to change their business models.” What does this mean for science publishing? The open-access movement isn’t new. Already over 30% of peer-reviewed papers are now published in some form of Open Access, which means the tipping point for disruption has already come and gone. Frontiers, born digital in 2007, was the first open-access publisher to develop its own publishing platform that has not only revolutionized the peer-review process by making it more transparent, but has also helped advance research by publishing sound science rapidly while making it openly accessible to all. Unlike traditional publishing, the costs for open-access publishers are far lower as they have no costs for paper or printing distribution. However, that does not mean they are free. Open-access journals need editors and editorial support staff to maintain quality and a complex, scalable technological backbone for storage and to ensure the research they publish is always […]
Engineering
31 May 2016
Complexity of the unexpected
by Mikhail Prokopenko, Centre for Complex Systems, University of Sydney Complex systems is a new approach to science, engineering and management that studies how relationships between parts give rise to the collective behaviors of the entire system, and how the system interacts with its environment. Dynamics of a complex system cannot be predicted, or explained, as a linear aggregation of the individual dynamics of its components, and the interactions among the many constituent microscopic parts bring about macroscopic phenomena that cannot be understood by considering any single part alone (“the whole is more than the sum of the parts”). Complex systems are often confused with complicated systems which may also comprise a large number of components and interactions. This is not surprising: after all, both concepts express a notion opposite to being simple or straightforward. The two terms also share a common Latin origin: complexus originates from complectī (“to entwine or encircle”), derived in turn from com- (“together”) and plectere (“to weave”), while complicātus is a form of complicāre (“to fold together”) which augments com- (“together”) with plecāre (“to fold”). So how significant is the difference between weaving and folding some parts together? Naively, this subtle distinction reflects on different […]