%A Wei,Sijia %A Bian,Yangyang %A Zhao,Qi %A Chen,Sixue %A Mao,Jiawei %A Song,Chunxia %A Cheng,Kai %A Xiao,Zhen %A Zhang,Chuanfang %A Ma,Weimin %A Zou,Hanfa %A Ye,Mingliang %A Dai,Shaojun %D 2017 %J Frontiers in Plant Science %C %F %G English %K palmella formation,Dunaliella salina,salinity stress,Quantitative Proteomics,phosphoproteomics %Q %R 10.3389/fpls.2017.00810 %W %L %M %P %7 %8 2017-May-23 %9 Original Research %+ Mingliang Ye,Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian, China,mingliang@dicp.ac.cn %+ Prof Shaojun Dai,Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University,Harbin, China,daishaojun@hotmail.com %+ Prof Shaojun Dai,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai, China,daishaojun@hotmail.com %# %! Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics of palmella formation of Dunaliella salina %* %< %T Salinity-Induced Palmella Formation Mechanism in Halotolerant Algae Dunaliella salina Revealed by Quantitative Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics %U https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00810 %V 8 %0 JOURNAL ARTICLE %@ 1664-462X %X Palmella stage is critical for some unicellular algae to survive in extreme environments. The halotolerant algae Dunaliella salina is a good single-cell model for studying plant adaptation to high salinity. To investigate the molecular adaptation mechanism in salinity shock-induced palmella formation, we performed a comprehensive physiological, proteomics and phosphoproteomics study upon palmella formation of D. salina using dimethyl labeling and Ti4+-immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) proteomic approaches. We found that 151 salinity-responsive proteins and 35 salinity-responsive phosphoproteins were involved in multiple signaling and metabolic pathways upon palmella formation. Taken together with photosynthetic parameters and enzyme activity analyses, the patterns of protein accumulation and phosphorylation level exhibited the mechanisms upon palmella formation, including dynamics of cytoskeleton and cell membrane curvature, accumulation and transport of exopolysaccharides, photosynthesis and energy supplying (i.e., photosystem II stability and activity, cyclic electron transport, and C4 pathway), nuclear/chloroplastic gene expression regulation and protein processing, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and salt signaling transduction. The salinity-responsive protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks implied that signaling and protein synthesis and fate are crucial for modulation of these processes. Importantly, the 3D structure of phosphoprotein clearly indicated that the phosphorylation sites of eight proteins were localized in the region of function domain.