Two inadvertent errors were discovered in Power et al. (2012). The first relates to Figure 3. This figure showed the histograms for one subject and not the whole group. A corrected Figure is included here. Rayleigh statistics carried out on these updated histograms reveal two differences in entrainment compared to the published results:
Theta activity at Oz in the visual condition, which was previously though not to be entrained, is in fact entrained.
Delta activity at Oz in the Audio-visual condition, which was previously thought to entrain to the stimulus, does not do so.
Figure 3
Therefore, the published data should be adjusted as follows (differing results in bold italics):
A:
Fzδ: Z = 16.72, p < 0.0001. Fzθ: Z = 84.45, p < 0.0001
Ozδ: Z = 11.22, p < 0.0001. Ozθ: Z = 94.11, p < 0.0001
V:
Fzδ: Z = 11.66, p < 0.0001. Fzθ: Z = 2.07, p > 0.05
Ozδ: Z = 41.29, p < 0.0001. Ozθ: Z = 14.91, p < 0.0001
AV:
Fzδ: Z = 9.42, p < 0.001. Fzθ: Z = 92.85, p < 0.0001
Ozδ: Z = 2.45, p > 0.05. Ozθ: Z = 90.62, p < 0.0001
The second error was observed when comparing Total Power in the A and (AV-V) conditions. ANOVA results should be as follows.
Repeated Measures ANOVA (frequency × condition) on Total Power:
Frequency: F(1, 22) = 261.62, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.922
Condition: F(1, 22) = 13.76, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.385
Frequency × Condition: F(1, 22) = 1.42, p > 0.05
Neither of these results effect the overall conclusions of the paper:
Neural entrainment was demonstrated for all stream types, and individual differences in standardized measures of language processing were related to auditory entrainment at the theta rate.
There was significant modulation of the preferred phase of auditory entrainment in the theta band when visual speech cues were present.
References
1
PowerA. J.MeadN.BarnesL.GoswamiU. (2012). Neural entrainment to rhythmically presented auditory, visual, and audio-visual speech in children. Front. Psychol. 3:216. 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00216
Summary
Keywords
entrainment, audio-visual speech perception, rhythm, oscillations, language
Citation
Power AJ, Mead N, Barnes L and Goswami U (2013) Erratum: Neural entrainment to rhythmically-presented auditory, visual and audio-visual speech in children. Front. Psychol. 4:905. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00905
Received
04 November 2013
Accepted
15 November 2013
Published
03 December 2013
Volume
4 - 2013
Edited by
Marcela Pena, Catholic University of Chile, Chile
Copyright
© 2013 Power, Mead, Barnes and Goswami.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: alan.j.pow@gmail.com
This article was submitted to Language Sciences, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology.
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