Transcriptome and gene co-expression network analysis revealed a putative regulatory mechanism of low nitrogen response in rice seedlings

Bright Gyamfi Adu¹Yoshihiro Ohmori¹Atsushi J Nagano^2,3Toru Fujiwara^1*

• ¹The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
• ²Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
• ³Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan

In rice, nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 + ) are the main sources of inorganic nitrogen (N) for growth which also serve as signaling molecules. Depending on the N status, plants modulate their physiological traits such as root system architecture (RSA), transcriptome makeup including N uptake and assimilation genes to adapt to the amount of N available in the growth medium. In this study, time-course hydroponic experiment under low N (0.4 mM NH4 + ) and sufficient N (1.6 mM NH4 + ) was performed using low-N tolerant introgression lines, KRIL8 and KRIL37, that carries a small region of the wild rice Oryza rufipogon genome in the Oryza sativa L. cv Koshihikari background. RNA-Seq analysis was used to profile changes in gene expression related to N and carbon metabolism which varied significantly and identified the accumulation of transcripts involved in secondary metabolite synthesis at the peak of low N stress. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several gene modules and their hub genes including ion transport related modules consisting of genes that negatively regulate N uptake including OsHHO3, OsBT and OsACTPK1 in all the lines. The repression of these genes under low N could be a basic mechanism to facilitate N acquisition in rice roots. The network analysis also identified cell activity and cell wall modification modules in the introgression lines which could be coordinated by OsLBD3-1 a paralogue of the Crown rootless1 gene for the promotion of root development to enhance N acquisition under low N conditions. The present analysis revealed the involvement of major pathways for low nitrogen tolerance of the selected lines.