ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Plant Sci.
Sec. Crop and Product Physiology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1548781
This article is part of the Research TopicModern Cultivation Techniques for Medicinal Plants: Impact on Yield and Secondary Metabolite ProductionView all articles
Changes in the growth and Lancemaside A content of Codonopsis lanceolata (deodeok) sprouts under LED-based lighting at different red/far-red ratios
Provisionally accepted
- 1Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- 2Jeonju National University of Education, Jeonju, North Jeolla, Republic of Korea
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Introduction: Codonopsis lanceolata (deodeok) is used in traditional medicine because it contains saponins with high medicinal value. While previous studies have explored the general effects of red/far-red (R/FR) ratios on plant morphology and secondary metabolites, the specific impact of FR light on plant growth and bioactive compound accumulation of C. lanceolata sprouts remains largely unexplored. Methods: Here, we established a cultivation method for the C. lanceolata short-cycle sprout form on a vertical farm. Plants were grown under four different R/FR light conditions: white light (control), R/FR 3.0, R/FR 1.2, and R/FR 0.75. All treatments were provided with the same PPFD (210 ± 10 μmol•m⁻²•s⁻¹), and FR light was added to adjust the R/FR ratio. This setup was used to investigate the effects of varying R/FR ratios on plant growth and changes in bioactive compound accumulation. to investigate the growth and bioactive compound changes in this plant under different red/far-red (R/FR) ratios by applying additional FR light. Results: FR supplementation significantly affected plant growth, development, and bioactive compound accumulation. Most growth parameters significantly increased as the R/FR ratio decreased. Adding FR light effectively increased the fresh and dry weight, plant height, leaf area, and node number. Moreover, the total phenolic content, flavonoid levels, and antioxidant capacity significantly increased at R/FR ratios of 1.2 and 0.75. The Lancemaside A content per plant was higher under FR supplementation than under white light treatment, slightly reducing at an R/FR ratio of 0.75 compared with that at 1.2, suggesting a possible inhibitory effect of excessive FR light. Conclusions: The findings indicate that appropriate FR light supplementation can enhance biomass and increase bioactive compounds. Thus, FR supplementation in a vertical farming system could boost the growth and bioactive substance content of sprouts, which has potential value for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
Keywords: Codonopsis lanceolata, R/FR ratio, vertical farm, Lancemaside A, biomass, Sprouts
Received: 20 Dec 2024; Accepted: 14 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Kim, Sim, Jang, Lee and Son. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Jin-Hui Lee, Jeonju National University of Education, Jeonju, 560-757, North Jeolla, Republic of Korea
Ki-Ho Son, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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