ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Plant Sci.
Sec. Plant Pathogen Interactions
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1611008
This article is part of the Research TopicPlant Virus EvolutionView all articles
Global distribution, evolutionary dynamics, and origins of wheat streak mosaic virus
Provisionally accepted
- Longdong University, Qingyang, China
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Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), one of the major pathogens affecting global wheat production, causes severe yield losses. Although its global diversification has been reported, the evolutionary dynamics and phylogeographic patterns of WSMV remain poorly understood.In the present study, we systematically investigated the global distribution of WSMV by integrating genomic sequences and literature reports. Furthermore, we analyzed the evolutionary dynamics and phylogeography of WSMV using 104 complete genomes and 218 coat protein (CP) gene sequences. Our results revealed that WSMV is currently spreading across 26 countries on six continents. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analyses delineated four genotypes: Genotype I (Mexican lineage), Genotype II (Iranian-specific lineage), Genotype III (Eurasian-North American lineage), and Genotype IV (U.S.-Australian-Iranian lineage). Bayesian phylodynamic analysis estimated a mean evolutionary rate of 3.023 × 10 -4 substitution/site/year (95% HPD: 1.945 × 10 -4 -4.187 × 10 -4 ), and suggested that WSMV may have emerged in Iran, with the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) around 1700 (95% HPD: 1521-1850), although the relatively weak temporal signal limits precise timing (R² = 0.0585). Hierarchical tMRCA estimates revealed progressive diversification:
Keywords: Wheat streak mosaic virus, evolutionary dynamics, Global distribution, Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction, Diversification
Received: 13 Apr 2025; Accepted: 26 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Song and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Dan Li, Longdong University, Qingyang, China
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