Predicting the potential geographical distribution of mango, an important tropical economic tree species, under current and climate change based on Maxent model

Sangui Yi¹Yuanhe Huang¹Zongling Liu¹Zhengjie Zhu²Hongxin Su^3,4*

• ¹School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
• ²Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise University, Baise, China
• ³Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
• ⁴Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China

Global climate change has affected the morphological traits, living habits, and even spatial distribution of tree species. Mango is a major tropical economic tree species in China, along with being a vital source of livelihood for farmers and an important maintainer of ecosystem services in southern China. Identifying the potential suitable habitats for mango under current and future climate scenarios, along with key influencing factors, can provide a scientific basis forinform mango planting planningplantation. However, little is known about these. Using Maxent, we modeled the current and future potential suitable habitats for mango, evaluated the impact of environmental variables on their distribution, and identified shifts related to climate change in their distribution. The results showed that the current potential suitable habitats for mango were primarily were located in southern China, within the tropical and subtropical regions. Under climate scenarios of both SSP585 and SSP126, the potential suitable habitats not only encompassed the southern provinces of China that were already covered but also expanded northward to include central provinces, particularly Sichuan and Chongqing municipalities. Mango exhibited a clear tendency to migrate towards higher altitudes and latitudes under the SSP585 scenario, whereas the trend of mango migration to such areas was less pronounced under the SSP126 scenario. Bio11, TEMJW10, Bio19Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter, Annual accumulated temperature (≥10℃), Precipitation of Coldest Quarter, and UVB2UV-B Seasonality were identified as the main factors shaping the distribution of the potential suitable habitats for mango. Our recommendation to adapt to climate change is to expand mango cultivation to high-latitude/altitude areas, particularly Sichuan-Chongqing in central China, along with watersaving irrigation, shade management, development of drought-and disease-resistant cultivars, and mapping of the potential suitable habitats for different varieties.