MINI REVIEW article
Front. Plant Sci.
Sec. Plant Development and EvoDevo
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1641102
The PEAPOD repressor complex in Arabidopsis stomatal development
Provisionally accepted
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Stomata comprise two guard cells that function as microscopic valves in the plant epidermis, connecting mesophyll interstices to the atmosphere. Stomata regulate gas exchange and evapotranspiration, directly impacting photosynthesis and leaf temperature regulation, and their function is thus crucial for plant adaptability and fitness. In Arabidopsis, stomatal development is primarily driven by three basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors: SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA, and occurs within the broader context of leaf development. During leaf development, a characteristic division-to-differentiation transition zone, marked by the first cell cycle arrest front (1 st AF), progresses from the apex to the base of the leaf blade. The repeated division of meristemoids (M), self-renewing cells of stomatal lineages, is not halted during 1 st AF, requiring a second arrest front, which is associated with activity of the PEAPOD (PPD) proteins, PEAPOD1 (PPD1) and PEAPOD2 (PPD2), which form a transcriptional repressor complex that halts M stem cell-like activity; however, the relationship between PPDs and stomatal development has not been fully elucidated. Here, we review data on PPD-mediated regulation of light signaling and the cell cycle and the influence of these factors on stomatal development.
Keywords: Stomatal development, Asymmetric Cell Division, peapod, leaf development, Light Signaling, Cell Cycle
Received: 04 Jun 2025; Accepted: 08 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Saiz-Pérez, Fenoll and Mena. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Josué Saiz-Pérez, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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