Long-term maize-soybean crop rotation: Impacts on soybean yield, soil microbiota and nitrogen dynamics

Liqiang Zhang^1,2Wenxiu Ji²Jiamin Yin²Jingcheng Zhao²Zhuo Xin²Demin Rao³Fangang Meng³Jinhu Cui¹Wei Zhang^3*Hongyan Zhao^2*

• ¹College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
• ²Yanbian University, Yanji, China
• ³Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China

Aims Soil nitrogen is recognized as a vital nutrient influencing soybean growth and yield. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate connections between shifts in nitrogen patterns and the behaviors of soil microbial communities and crucial enzymes in the nitrogen cycle is highly desirable. Methods This study involved a rotation positioning experiment spanning 11 years (2012-2022). Measurement of soil microenvironment changes during the mature period for three consecutive years (2020-2022). Based on these groups, the study delved into the alterations in nitrogen patterns within the soybean rotation, examining both soil enzyme activity and microbial community dynamics. Results Long-term crop rotation and nitrogen application led to an increase ranging from 2.16% to 108.34% in the nine components of soil nitrogen. Gemmatimonas, Rhodanobacter and Mrakia could effectively increase soil nitrogen content and had a reciprocal promotion with soil urease and protease activities, whereas Blastococcus and Fusarium increased soil nitrogen loss. Changes in inorganic nitrogen and total organic nitrogen resulting from crop rotation enhanced the abundance of soil microbial communities, reducing their diversity. Conclusions Overall, findings demonstrate that long-term crop rotation and nitrogen management significantly influence soil nitrogen dynamics, microbial community structure, and enzyme activities. Thus, enhancing the functional capacities of soil microbial communities to support sustainable soybean production.