Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the first complete mitochondrial 1 genome sequence of three Artocarpus species in Hainan Province

Huanwei wang¹WenBo Liu^1*Hongyan Fan²Yuhong Qing¹Chunmei Wu¹Ya Zhao²Justice Norvienyeku¹Min Xiao²Shaoka Li²Wei Guo Miao¹

• ¹Hainan University, Haikou, China
• ²Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China

The Artocarpus genus, belonging to the Moraceae family, exhibits various 24 pharmacological and biological functions. However, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 25 of Artocarpus species remains largely unexplored, which hampers our understanding 26 of its phylogenetic classification as well as population identification. In this study, we 27 completely sequenced and assembled the mtDNA of three Artocarpus species, 28 including Artocarpus heterophyllus, A. heterophyllus(R), and A. integer. Three 29 spices 删除[20090401210010@hainanu.edu.cn]: rtocarpus 删除[20090401210010@hainanu.edu.cn]: rtocarpus 删除[20090401210010@hainanu.edu.cn]: Artocarpus species exhibited highly similar mtDNA features, with mtDNA sizes of 30 approximately 438,620 bp, consisting of six contigs, and included 32 different 31 protein-coding genes (PCGs). The codon usage analysis demonstrated that Leucine 32 and Serine were the most preferred amino acids in three Artocarpus species. 33 Furthermore, in three Artocarpus species mt genomes, 9 homologous fragments were 34 found to transfer from the cp genome, which contain complete psaB, psaA, ndhB and 35 rps7 genes. Phylogenetic trees further reveal that three Artocarpus species are most 36 closely related to Ficus carica and Morus notabilis. In summary, this study fills the 37 gap in mitochondrial genome data within the Artocarpus genus and provides a 38 theoretical foundation for further understanding the taxonomic classification within 39 Artocarpus species.